Abstract
There is a good observational record of the history of the Earth's magnetic field throughout geological time. The physical processes occurring in the liquid core, where the field originates, are very complex however, and they are only just beginning to be understood. Recent progress has been made towards understanding the energetics of the core, which is a problem in thermodynamics; the dynamics, which is a problem in fluid mechanics in which magnetic forces are important; and also the slow variations of the magnetic field with time.

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