Phenotypic analysis of B‐cells extracted from human periodontal disease tissue

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Abstract
B‐cells extracted from periodontal disease tissue were analyzed for the presence of activation markers using a range of monoclonal antibodies. In adult periodontitis (AP), 6% of B‐cells expressed the IL‐2 receptor (CD25) compared with 1–2% in peripheral blood and healthy or marginal gingivitis (H/MG) gingival B‐cells. There was also an increase in the mean percentage of IgD‐positive B‐cells and a decrease in CD21 and CD22 expression. In both AP and H/MG lesions, 20–22% of the B‐cells expressed CD23 compared with < 5% in peripheral blood. As B‐cells are activated by day 3 in culture and start differentiating into immunoglobulin‐secreting cells by day 6, B‐cell phenotypes were assayed at these times in this study. Following stimulation with the periodontopathic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, the expression of CD23, CD21 and CD22 on B‐cells extracted from AP lesions remained relatively constant over the 6‐d culture period. However, with Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulation, there was a significant decrease in CD23, CD21 and CD22 expression after 3 d in culture, which corresponds to the activation time for B‐cells. These results show that B‐cells extracted from periodontal disease tissue display a range of activation markers and on stimulation, demonstrate differing responses to individual periodontopathic bacteria.