Limits on right-handed interactions from SN 1987A observations

We consider the emission of light ($m_{{\nu }_R}\lesssim$ 10 MeV right-handed neutrinos from supernova 1987A via right-handed charged- and neutral-current interactions. By requiring that the neutronization process $e_R^{-}\to {\nu }_{R}n$ does not carry away most of the energy that can be radiated by the supernova, $E_T\lesssim$ (4-5) × ${10}^{53}$ ergs, we exclude the range of values for the right-handed $W$-boson mass, (3.7-6.7)${\mathrm{M}}_{{\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{L}}}$ ≤ ${\mathrm{M}}_{{\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{R}}}$ ≤ (280-500)${\mathrm{M}}_{{\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{L}}}$ for vanishing ${\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{L}}$ — ${\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{R}}$ mixing parameter ζ, and for ζ ≠ 0 we get (0.4-1.2) × ${10}^{-5\mathrm{}}$ ≤ ${\left[{\zeta }^2+\left(M_{W_L}^4/M_{W_R}^4\right)\right]}^{\frac{1}{2}}\le \mathrm{}(0.02-0.07)\mathrm{}$. For right-handed $W$ bosons heavier than 300 $M_{W_L}$, a significant ${\nu }_R$ emission may arise from the neutral-current-induced process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\overline{\nu }}_R{\nu }_R$, as well as $\mathrm{nn}\to \mathrm{nn}\nu \overline{\nu }$ mediated by an extra gaugae boson $Z\prime$. In this case, for an appropriately defined effective mass $M_N$ for $Z\prime$, we find the excluded region $\mathrm{}(2.4-4.3)\mathrm{}{M}_{W_L}<M_N<(30-85)\mathrm{}{M}_{W_L}$, mainly dependent on the core temperature and density profile.