Influence of developmental stage, salts and food presence on various end points using Caenorhabditis Elegans for aquatic toxicity testing

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Abstract
This study used a randomized block design to investigate the importance of several variables in using the free‐living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans for aquatic toxicity testing. Concentration‐response data were obtained on nematodes of various developmental stages exposed to four metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg) and a water‐soluble organic toxicant, sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP), under conditions of varied solvent medium (with or without salts and with or without a bacterial food source). The end points measured were 24‐ and 96‐h mortality LC50 value, as well as development of larval stages to adulthood and evidence of reproduction. The results suggest that nematodes of various ages respond similarly to a given toxicant for all end points measured, although adults cultured from eggs appeared more sensitive than adults cultured from dauer larvae. The most important environmental variable in determining toxicity was the medium in which the tests were conducted. The presence of potassium and sodium salts in the medium significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the toxicity of many test samples. The presence of bacteria had little effect on 24‐h tests with salts, but was important in 96‐h survival and development. Based on sensitivity and ease of handling, adults cultured from eggs are recommended in both 24‐h and 96‐h tests.