Blueprint for the Diagnosis of Difficulties with Cardinality

Abstract
Children frequently have difficulties solving exercises involving missing addends. In most cases these children lack mental images for the cardinal numbers. This manuscript describes a diagnostic procedure for assessing children's mental images and knowledge of cardinal numbers, 0 through 9. The diagnostic procedure includes the assessment of a child's visual memory, visual perception, symbol recognition, oral naming of numerals, and symbol-set linkage. These skills must be possessed by a child in order for him/her to be successful with cardinal numbers and missing addend exercises.

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