The Effect of the Electrical Potential Difference on the Adsorption of the Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Ion at the Polarized Nitrobenzene–Water Interface

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Abstract
The adsorption of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium ion(HTMA+) at the polarized nitrobenzene–water interface has been studied using electrocapillary measurements. The adsorption of HTMA+ was found to be markedly dependent on the potential drop across the interface. HTMA+ exhibited no specific adsorption in the potential range where the aqueous phase is positive, whereas a strong adsorption occurred in the potential range where the electric potential in the aqueous phase is negative with respect to that in the nitrobenzene. The adsorption free energy depends linearly on the potential difference across the interface. The specific adsorption of HTMA+ significantly alters the double-layer structure. The outer Helmholtz potential in the nitrobenzene phase was inverted from negative to positive due to the adsorption of HTMA+ ions.