Host–parasite relationships of Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda) in the domestic chick

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Abstract
Summary: Domestic chicks were infected with Zygocotyle lunata to determine gross and histopathological effects on the caecal tissues, to observe the method of feeding by worms and to examine the effects of crowding on the growth and development of the worm. Caecal weights and dimensions were significantly reduced in infected chicks. Caecal debris, abundant in control chicks, stained positive for proteins, polysaccharides, acid mucopolysaccharides and neutral fats. Caecal debris was rarely seen in infected chicks. The lumen of the intestinal caeca of the worms contained acellular material which showed protease activity and stained positive for proteins, polysaccharides and acid mucopolysaccharides. Histopathological effects of the infection showed a disruption of the architecture of host caecal mucosa, worm to worm attachment, tissue plugs in the worm acetabulum, and an engorgement of host mucosal tissue with erythrocytes. Stunting due to worm crowding was very evident and by 2 weeks post-infection, worms from single-worm infections were sexually mature and more than twice the length of immature flukes obtained from chicks infected with 100–500 cysts.