Host‐selection behaviour by genetically identical aphids with different plant preferences

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Abstract
Summary: The behaviour of summer and autumn winged forms of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Homoptera: Aphididae), was compared on two plants utilized at different stages of the insect’s life cycle. Adult autumn migrants (gynoparae) are monophagous, colonizing spindle (Euonymus europaeus), whereas polyphagous summer winged aphids (alate virginoparae) are associated with a variety of herbaceous plants, including broad bean (Vicia faba). When aphids from a single clone were given access to a spindle leaf and a bean seedling in choice tests, many virginoparae settled and larviposited on both plant species over 24 h. By contrast, gynoparae showed a clear preference for spindle, with 93.5% of settled adults and 98.3% of larvae on this plant species. Close‐up video monitoring showed that gynoparae discriminated beans from spindle within a 5‐min period, whereas virginoparae behaved similarly on both plant species. For gynoparae, the major behavioural difference on the two plants appeared after a brief (epidermal) stylet penetration, with many insects taking flight within a few seconds of stylet withdrawal from bean. Factors detected during stylet insertion by gynoparae must therefore inhibit take‐off on spindle. Electrical recording experiments showed that aphids often punctured a cell membrane during brief probes on both plant species, and intracellular stylet activities always included a waveform associated with ingestion. When gynoparae puncture spindle cells their behaviour is probably modified by intracellular metabolites detected via gustation of ingested epidermal cell sap. These cues may inhibit the take‐off reflex which otherwise follows probing.