The complete Consensus V3 loop peptide of the envelope protein gp120 of HIV‐1 shows pronounced helical character in solution

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Abstract
The disulfide bridge closed cyclic peptide corresponding to the whole Consensus V3 loop of the envelope protein gp120 of HIV-1 was examined by proton 2D-NMR spectroscopy in water and in a 20% trifluoroethanol/water solution. In water, NOE data support a β-turn conformation for the central conservative GPGR region and point towards partial formation of a helix in the C-terminal part. Upon addition of trifluoroethanol, a C-terminal helix is formed. This is evidenced by NOE data, α-proton chemical shift changes and changes in the J Nα vicinal coupling constants. The C-terminal helix is amphipathic and also occurs in other examined strains. It could therefore be an important feature for the functioning of the V3 loop.