Answer Justification: Removing the “Trick” from Multiple-Choice Questions

Abstract
Answer justification (AJ) is a technique that allows students to convert multiple-choice items perceived to be “tricky” into short-answer essay questions. Convincing justifications earn students credit for missed items. The procedure is easy to administer and is very popular among students. Over 90% of both users and nonusers like having AJ available to them and recommend its use in other classes. Our technique is compared and contrasted with a similar one described by Nield and Wintre (1986). Both procedures appear to yield important benefits for students and instructors.

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