Growth of a Dehalococcoides -Like Microorganism on Vinyl Chloride and cis -Dichloroethene as Electron Acceptors as Determined by Competitive PCR

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Abstract
A competitive PCR (cPCR) assay targeting 16S ribosomal DNA was developed to enumerate growth of a Dehalococcoides -like microorganism, bacterium VS, from a mixed culture catalyzing the reductive dehalogenation of cis -1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), with hydrogen being used as an electron donor. The growth of bacterium VS was found to be coupled to the dehalogenation of VC and cDCE, suggesting unique metabolic capabilities. The average growth yield was (5.2 ± 1.5) × 10 8 copies of the 16S rRNA gene/μmol of Cl − (number of samples, 10), with VC being used as the electron acceptor and hydrogen as the electron donor. The maximum VC utilization rate ( q̂ ) was determined to be 7.8 × 10 −10 μmol of Cl − (copy −1 day −1 ), indicating a maximum growth rate of 0.4 day −1 . These average growth yield and q̂ values agree well with values found previously for dechlorinating cultures. Decay coefficients were determined with growth (0.05 day −1 ) and no-growth (0.09 day −1 ) conditions. An important limitation of this cPCR assay was its inability to discriminate between active and inactive cells. This is an essential consideration for kinetic studies.