Covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acids in spiroplasmas

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Abstract
Ten of twelve spiroplasma strains from different sources carried multiple covalently closed circular duplex deoxyribonucleic acid molecules, as shown by ethidium bromide-cesium chloride gradient centrifugation of cell lysates and examination of resulting bands by electron microscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. Two to eight size classes per strain, comprising molecules of masses from 1 X 10(6) to 26 X 10(6), were detected. Several size classes of molecules were found in common in different spiroplasma strains. The amount of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid per strain was as much as 12% of total cellular deoxyribonucleic acid. The presence of sizes of the circular molecules appeared unrelated to either carriage or active production of known spiroplasma viruses, and it is tentatively concluded that they are plasmids rather than genomes or replicative forms of viruses.