MASSIVE IRON FORMATIONS IN SOME GLEYSOLIC SOILS OF SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

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Abstract
Massive, but very localized, iron formations have been noted in some Humic Gleysols in southern Ontario. Some of these formations weigh up to 9 kg, and invariably occur at the contact zone between sandy loam to loam surface horizons and underlying clay-rich subsoils. The contents of Fe2O3 and MnO2 of 16 samples varied from 19.6 to 49.9% and 0.8 to 11.1%, respectively, although no crystalline oxides or hydroxides of Fe or Mn could be detected by X-ray diffraction. The localized occurence of these formations suggests that Fe2+ and Mn2+ are moving laterally through the subsoil and oxidizing at some seepage point downslope in the more aerated surface horizons.

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