Analysis and comparison of rod—plane and rod—rod gaps as direct voltage measurement devices

Abstract
The direct voltage sparkover characteristics of the rod—rod and the rod—plane electrode gaps systems are presented and compared. It is shown that for both arrangements the linearity is limited by the effects of atmospheric humidity for small (1 metre) electrode separations. The characteristics are discussed in terms of leader growth in the prebreakdown discharge; this is humidity dependent and is shown to be more prominent in the rod—rod gap. The precision and useful range of measurements in the two gaps are compared, particularly in relation to the recent approval of the rod—rod gap as a device for direct voltage measurement by the IEC.

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