Transmembrane serine protease TADG-15 (ST14/Matriptase/MT-SP1): expression and prognostic value in ovarian cancer

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Abstract
Tumour-associated differentially expressed gene-15 (TADG-15/ST14/matriptase/MT-SP1) is a novel member of the transmembrane serine proteases. Previous studies indicated that TADG-15 is overexpressed in ovarian tumours; however, relationships between expression of TADG-15 and clinical characteristics of ovarian cancer remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine TADG-15 expression in ovarian cancers and determine any associations with clinicopathological characteristics or patient survival. Immunohistochemical study revealed that TADG-15 was expressed in 50 (56.2%) of 89 ovarian carcinomas, whereas it was not detected in normal ovaries. TADG-15 expression was significantly more common in patients with early stage disease compared with patients with advanced stage diseases (namely, stage I, 24 out of 33: 72.7%; stage II/III/IV, 26 out of 56: 46.4%; P=0.0157). Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with TADG-15-positive tumours have had substantially longer survival (P=0.0480). The mean value of relative TADG-15 mRNA expression ratio was significantly higher in stage I tumours than in stage II/III/IV tumours (P=0.0053). Increased expression of TADG-15 is frequently detected in early stage cancers, with expression level downregulated during progression of disease. TADG-15 is associated with early stage ovarian cancer and longer patient survival; therefore, it may be a favourable prognostic marker for this malignancy.