Fatal haemoptysis associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis treated with high‐dose amphotericin B and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)
- 1 March 1992
- Vol. 35 (3-4) , 67-75
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1992.tb00822.x
Abstract
Summary. Opportunistic pulmonary infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chemotherapeutically treated neoplasias. With increasingly aggressive cytotoxic regimens causing prolonged neutropenia, the risk of systemic mycoses and in particular of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis has increased.We review the case of a 10‐year‐old child suffering from relapsed lymphoblastic leukaemia and from high‐dose amphotericin B‐treated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis acquired during longstanding neutropenia in the initial phase of remission induction chemotherapy. The patient died in remission after GM‐CSF‐induced bone marrow recovery and clinical and radiological improvement with stable plasmatic coagulation and normal thrombocyte count. Peracute massive pulmonary bleeding caused by the simultaneous arrosion of a greater pulmonary artery and a lobar bronchus by a liquefactive fungal focus was responsible.In patients with chemotherapeutically induced neutropenia and invasive aspergillosis, bone marrow recovery may lead to the liquefaction of pulmonary foci, and, in view of the well‐known vasotropic nature of the infection, to a potentially lethal arrosion bleeding. With the emerging use of colony‐stimulating factors for shortening and overcoming neu tropenia, this so far rare complication may become of increasing importance.Zusammenfassung. Opportunistische pulmonale Infektionen stehen ursächlich im Vordergrund von Morbidität und Mortalität von Patienten mit behandelten Neoplasien. Bei zunehmend aggressiven cytotoxischen Therapie‐verfahren mit prolongierten Neutropeniephasen werden systemische Mykosen und speziell invasive pulmonale Aspergillosen in zunehmender Häufigkeit angetroffen.Wir berichten über den Fall eines zehn Jahre alten Kindes mit rezidivierter lymphoblastischer Leukämie und Hochdosis‐Amphotericin B‐be‐handelter invasiver pulmonaler Aspergillose bei prolongierter Neutropenie in der Initialphase der remissionsinduzierenden Chemotherapie. Die Patientin verstarb in Remission nach GM‐CSF‐induzierter Knochenmarksregeneration und klinisch‐radiologischer Befundbesserung bei stabiler plasmatischer Gerinnung und normalen Thrombozytenzahlen perakut an einer pulmonalen Massenblutung mit gleichzeitiger Arrosion einer grossen Pulmonalarterie und eines Lappenbronchus durch einen eingeschmolzenen Aspergillus Herd.Der Anstieg der Granulozyten bei Patienten mit cytotoxisch bedingter Neutropenie und invasiver Aspergillose kann zur Einschmelzung pulmonaler Herde führen und bei der bekannten Vasculotropie des Erregers zu potentiell letalen Arrosionsblutungen. Durch den zunehmenden Einsatz koloniestimulierender Faktoren zur Überwindung der Neutropenie kann diese bislang seltene Komplikation zunehmende Bedeutung erlangen.Keywords
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