Regulation of in Vitro Shoot and Root Regeneration in ‘Macspur’ Apple by Sorbitol (D-Glucitol) and Related Carbon Sources

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Abstract
In vitro shoot proliferation and rooting of the apple scion cultivar ‘Macspur’ (mature culture) and of open-pollinated seedlings of ‘Macspur’ (seedling culture) were studied in response to the carbon sources, sorbitol, sucrose, glucose, and fructose, each supplied at 10, 30, 50, and 70 g/liter, or to the presence of varying proportions of sorbitol between 25% and 100% in conjunction with sucrose (30 g/liter total). Although the highest shoot number and shoot fresh weight of both cultures occurred with 30 g/liter sorbitol and sucrose, respectively, a medium with 25% sorbitol and 75% sucrose was best for shoot production. There was a decreasing trend in leaf/stem (fresh weight) ratio of shoots as the percentage of sorbitol increased in the medium. On rooting media supplied with 10–70 g/liter of each c source, rooting was best with 30 g/liter sucrose. In the mature culture (initially sucrose-grown), enhance shoot proliferation and rooting occurred on sorbitol medium after this source was subcultured 3 times on sorbitol medium.

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