Instability of Hyperconcentrated Flow

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Abstract
The instability of hyperconcentrated flow observed in nature is reproducible in laboratory flumes using suspensions of bentonite. Similar instabilities are observed in a much simpler hydraulic system consisting of a container feeding a closed conduit. The behavior of two different clay suspensions, kaoline and bentonite, was investigated and the rheological properties were measured in a rotating viscosimeter. The result of the analysis is that the instability is associated with some specific rheological properties. By a simple mathematical model it has been explained why the bentonite suspension was unstable at small discharges and stable at sufficiently large discharges. The kaoline suspensions were always stable. The agreement between calculations and observations is encouraging.

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