Augmentation of intramembraneous bone beyond the skeletal envelope using an occlusive titanium barrier. An experimental study in the rabbit.

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Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether augmentation of intramembraneous bone beyond the skeletal envelope can be predictably achieved by placing a completely occlusive barrier on the skull bone of rabbits, hereby creating a secluded space with bone tissue being the only adjoining tissue. The experiment was carried out in 3 New Zealand white rabbits. In each animal, a midline incision was made down to the bone surface of the skull and a skin-periosteal flap was raised to expose the skull bone on both sides of the midline. Two prefabricated titanium domes with an inner diameter of 4.5 mm and an inner height of 3.0 mm were installed on each side. The domes were supplied with a horizontal, peripheral flange and a vertical edge, fitting tightly into a circular slit, prepared by a trephine into the skull bone. This arrangement ensured a stable anchorage of the dome and a reliable peripheral sealing of the space. The skin-periosteal flaps were relocated to cover the domes and sutured. After a healing period of 3 months, the animals were killed and the experimental areas excised and prepared for histological transversal ground sections with each dome in situ. The results demonstrated complete bone fill of all domes, with no signs of ingrowth of other types of tissues, indicating that the use of a barrier with total occlusiveness, sufficient stiffness and stability and reliable peripheral sealing will result in predictable bone augmentation of spaces also beyond the skeletal envelope.

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