Incidence of chronic pain after minimal-invasive surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax

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Abstract
Objective: Recently, it has been shown that minimal-invasive surgical procedures like operations for spontaneous pneumothorax result in a reduction of pain in the immediate postoperative course. However, little is known on the influence of minimal-invasive thoracic surgery on long term disability. Therefore, we analyzed the incidence of chronic pain in patients after minimal-invasive operation for primary (PSP) or secondary (SSP) spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods: In the study included were 78 patients (PSP: n = 59; SSP: n = 19; male: 58, female 20) who had been treated at our institution between 1992 and 1995. The median age was 37 years (range: 17–84). The patients were interviewed by a standardized questionnaire or alternatively by phone or in the outpatient clinic. Complete follow up data were obtained from 60 patients which were further analyzed. Results: After a median follow up of 59 months (range 35–79) 41 (68.3%) patients were completely free from any complaints. However 19 (31.7%) patients suffered from chronic pain. Two of them (3.3%) required daily oral pain medication. The incidence of chronic complaints was more frequent in patients with pleurectomy (47.1%) as compared to patients with mechanical pleurodesis only (25.6%; P = 0.107). On a visual analog pain scale (ranging from 0 to 100) five (8.3%) patients described a pain intensity ≪10, 12 (20%) patients between 10 and 20 and two (3.3%) patients ≫50. In the majority of the patients the pain was located in the area of the trocar incisions. Six (10%) patients had a chronic complaints in the ipsilateral shoulder. Conclusions: The incidence of chronic postoperative complaints after minimal-invasive procedures for spontaneous pneumothorax is relatively high. This has to be considered if minimal-invasive procedures are discussed to be an alternative to simple drainage therapy for the first episode of spontaneous pneumothorax.