Role of α2A‐adrenoceptors in the effects of MDMA on body temperature in the mouse

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Abstract
3,4‐Methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA) produces complex effects on body temperature, including hypo‐ and hyperthermic components that vary with ambient temperature and strain of rat. We have previously reported that MDMA is an α2‐adrenoceptor agonist, and α2‐adrenoceptor agonists such as clonidine produce hypothermia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of MDMA on core body temperature measured by radiotelemetry in conscious wild‐type (WT) and α2A‐knockout (α2A‐KO) mice. Clonidine (0.1 mg kg−1, subcutaneously (s.c.)) produced a hypothermic response in WT mice, but did not significantly affect temperature in α2‐KO mice. MDMA (20 mg kg−1, s.c.) produced a significant hyperthermia in WT mice beginning at approximately 100 min after injection, recovering by 300 min, but produced a biphasic response, hypothermia followed by hyperthermia, in α2‐KO mice. In WT mice, following the α2A‐adrenoceptor antagonist 2‐((4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1‐methyl‐1H‐isoindole (1 mg kg−1, s.c.), MDMA (20 mg kg−1) produced an initial hypothermia. Hence, α2‐adrenoceptor agonist actions of MDMA contribute to its effects on body temperature, but in a surprising way. Although selective α2A‐adrenoceptor agonism produces hypothermia, the α2A‐adrenoceptor actions of MDMA alter the body temperature response to MDMA from biphasic (hypothermia followed by hyperthermia) to monophasic hyperthemia. British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 1–6. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706320