On the Metallic Shadow-Casting Using a Nozzle System

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Abstract
A new device for metallic shadow-casting by using the nozzle system is proposed, and an outline of the apparatus is given. The present device has a shutter, a nozzle, and a cover plate between specimen and filament in addition to the usual apparatus. The dimensions of the nozzle were chosen from the maximum of 3-mm diam, 1.5-mm diam, and 22 mm to the minimum 1.5-mm diam, 0.7-mm diam, and 38 mm as diameter at the entrance, diameter at the exit, and the length, respectively. It was found that this method was not only conspicuously effective in obtaining much more accurate shadows than that obtained by the usual method with the same shadowing material, but also brought into possible use metals, as shadowing materials, which could not be used for such a purpose by the usual method. Shadowing qualities of many kinds of evaporated metals are compared and a new rule for the order of aggregation of deposited metallic thin films is also proposed.