Photostability and biological activity of fluoroquinolones substituted at the 8 position after UV irradiation

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Abstract
Q-35 [1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methylaminopiperid ine-1-yl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid], a fluoroquinolone, has absorbance peaks at 333 and 286 nm. No spectral change was observed even when this aqueous solution was irradiated with 3 J of long-wavelength UV light (UVA) per cm2. On the other hand, its derivatives, which are unsubstituted (8-H analog) or which are substituted with fluorine at the 8 position (8-F analog), were found to have decreased antibacterial activities with a simultaneous increase in their cytotoxicities when they were degraded in a dose-dependent manner with respect to UVA irradiation. Similar results were observed with the other available fluoroquinolones. Enoxacin and lomefloxacin exposed to 0.3 J of irradiation per cm2 and norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin exposed to 1 J of irradiation per cm2 underwent absorption spectrum changes, an accompanying decrease in antibacterial activity, and an increase in cytotoxic activity. These results suggest that the introduction of a methoxy group into the 8 position of quinolones plays an important role in the stability of fluoroquinolones against irradiation by UV light.