Formal and Informal Processes in Infrastructure Policy-Making How Fort Worth Assembled Capital for Alliance Airport

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Abstract
City governments provide physical infrastructure in a variety of ways. This case study of the Alliance Airport development in Fort Worth, Texas, shows that two types of infrastructure planning and policy-making were operating. Formal policies were used to standardize the city's methods of supplying some infrastructure, while informal policy-making was used to modify standard policies governing the provision of other capital facilities. In all, Fort Worth city government committed more than $62 million of public infrastructure to the airport development. Less than half the total value of public infrastructure was supplied on the basis of formal policies or previous plans. The Fort Worth example suggests severe implications of relying on informal policies.

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