Optoelectronic enhancement of the Sagnac effect in a ring resonator and related effect of directional bistability

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Abstract
A substantial enhancement (by orders of magnitude) of the Sagnac effect in a passive ring resonator can be attained by using a nonreciprocal feedback. This feedback is based on the nonreciprocal element controlled by the signal proportional to the difference between intensities of counterpropagating waves, and is an optoelectronic analog of nonlinear nonreciprocity proposed by us earlier. Under some critical conditions, this system can exhibit directional bistability and directional switching of the counterpropagating waves.