Broad-spectrum detection of papillomaviruses in bovine teat papillomas and healthy teat skin

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Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) in bovine papilloma and healthy skin, DNA extracted from teat papillomas and healthy teat skin swabs was analysed by PCR using the primer pairs FAP59/FAP64 and MY09/MY11. Papillomavirus (PV) DNA was detected in all 15 papilloma specimens using FAP59/FAP64 and in 8 of the 15 papilloma specimens using MY09/MY11. In swab samples, 21 and 8 of the 122 samples were PV DNA positive using FAP59/FAP64 and MY09/MY11, respectively. Four BPV types (BPV-1, -3, -5 and -6), two previously identified putative BPV types (BAA1 and -5) and 11 putative new PV types (designated BAPV1 to -10 and BAPV11MY) were found in the 39 PV DNA-positive samples. Amino acid sequence alignments of the putative new PV types with reported BPVs and phylogenetic analyses of the putative new PV types with human and animal PV types showed that BAPV1 to -10 and BAPV11MY are putative new BPV types. These results also showed the genomic diversity and extent of subclinical infection of BPV.