Long-Term Effects of Annual Burning at Different Dates in Ungrazed Kansas Tallgrass Prairie

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Abstract
Ungrazed tallgrass prairie plots in the Kansas Flint Hills were burned annually at 4 different dates since 1928. Time of burning markedly altered the physiognomy and was the crucial factor effecting vegetation change. Late-spring burning, coinciding with emergence of the warm-season perennial grasses, increased grass production and favored Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans. Burning in winter, early-spring or mid-spring reduced herbage production and shifted vegetational composition by differentially favoring other species. A. scoparius increased with mid- and early-spring burning, while perennial forbs and sedges increased with early-spring and winter burning. Amorpha canescens was favored by all burning treatments. Mulch buildup in unburned, undisturbed plots increased Poa pratensis and tree species and eventually reduced grass production. The long-term effects of annual late-spring burning, even in dry years, was not detrimental to herbage production, species composition or total basal cover in tallgrass prairie.