Traveling wave electro-optic phase modulators based on intrinsically polar self-assembled chromophoric superlattices

Abstract
Traveling-wave electro-optic modulators based on chromophoric self-assembled superlattices (SASs) possessing intrinsically polar microstructures have been designed and fabricated. Although the thickness of the SAS layer is only ∼150 nm, a π-phase shift is clearly observed. From the measured Vπ value, the effective electro-optic coefficient of the SAS film is determined to be ∼21.8 pm/V at an input wavelength of 1064 nm.