Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcome of Congenital Complete Heart Block: The Role of Fetal Echocardiography

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Abstract
Between January 1, 1980, and March 1, 1986, congenital complete heart block (CCHB) was diagnosed in 11 fetuses utilizing 2-dimensional and M-mode fetal echocardiography. Four of the eleven cases (36.4%) had otherwise structurally normal hearts; 3 survived the perinatal and neonatal period and 1 patient died at 22 days of age. All mothers in this group had systemic lupus erythematosus. Seven of the eleven fetuses (63.6%) presented with CCHB and associated cardiac malformations. All patients in this group died either in utero or shortly after birth. The discovery of CCHB with associated structural malformations of the heart carries an ominous prognosis for fetal and neonatal survival. The diagnosis of CCHB without associated cardiac malformations carries a more favorable outlook. Accurate prenatal diagnosis of CCHB and underlying cardiac status facilitates parental counseling and patient management planning.

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