Classification of ?-Lactamases

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Abstract
Traditionally, the classification of β-lactamases has followed the general principles of describing enzymes bythe characterizationof their activityagainst substrates.Newtypes of β-lactam structures with therapeutic relevance have emerged, necessitating more specific substrate profiles. Biophysical characterization, i.e., primarily isoelectric focusing, has greatlyimproved classification, particularly of nonchromosomal β-lactamases. The classification of β-lactamases of both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms is reviewed and updated by adding data on recently discovered enzymes. Data on amino acid sequence and molecular structure that are availablefor an increasing number of βlactamases will gradually be incorporated into the established system. In addition, the introduction of evolutionary aspects should serve to modify the existing system, which to date has been based on arbitrarily selected characteristics.

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