Rigorous derivation of computer-corrected network-analyser calibration equations

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Abstract
It is shown that a typical network anlayser can be characterised in terms of three standards and five residual parameters, provided that all mismatches are invariant between the reflection and transmission modes of operation. The five residuals are expressed in terms of 22 internal parameters and the detector mismatches. Source mismatch does not contribute to systematic error, as is generally believed.