Effect of free ammonia and free nitrous acid concentration on the anabolic and catabolic processes of an enriched Nitrosomonas culture

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Abstract
The effects of free ammonia (FA; NH3) and free nitrous acid (FNA; HNO2) concentrations on the metabolisms of an enriched ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) culture were investigated using a method allowing the decoupling of growth and energy generation processes. A lab‐scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated for the enrichment of an AOB culture. Fluorescent in‐situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that 82% of the bacterial population in the SBR bound to the NEU probe specifically designed for Nitrosomonas europaea. Batch tests were carried out to measure the oxygen and ammonium consumption rates by the culture at various FA and FNA levels, in the presence or absence of inorganic carbon (CO2, HCO3 −, and CO3 2−). It was revealed that FA of up to 16.0 mgNH3‐N · L−1, which was the highest concentration used in this study, did not have any inhibitory effect on either the catabolic or anabolic processes of the Nitrosomonas culture. In contrast, FNA inhibited both the growth and energy production capabilities of the Nitrosomonas culture. The inhibition on growth initiated at approximately 0.10 mgHNO2‐N · L−1, and the data suggested that the biosynthesis was completely stopped at an FNA concentration of 0.40 mgHNO2‐N · L−1. The inhibition on energy generation initiated at a slightly lower level but the Nitrosomonas culture was still oxidizing ammonia at half of the maximum rate at an FNA concentration of 0.50–0.63 mgHNO2‐N · L−1. The affinity constant of the Nitrosomonas culture with respect to ammonia was determined to be 0.36 mgNH3‐N · L−1, independent of the presence or absence of inorganic carbon.