Evaluation of Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction Syndromes and Their Response to Low Level Laser Therapy

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Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this article is to present a method for evaluation and follow-up of myofascial pain and dysfunction syndromes (MPS). Findings: Since 1987, our study group has tested various pressure threshold (PTH) and tolerance (PTO) meters. Reliability and validity studies have confirmed their place as a semiobjective estimate of MPS. PTH measurement facilitates exact location of trigger regions and tender spots. PTO reveals abnormal sensitivity to pain. Tissue compliance (TCO) measurement provides an objective method to evaluate muscle spasms and tension. A trial treatment with low-energy laser directed to trigger points (TPs) may elevate PTH and maximal grasping force (MGF) instantaneously and thus firm the functional nature of a patient's disability. Surface electromyography and thermography reflect abnormalities in neuromuscular function and sympathetic activity and complete the evaluation. Conclusions: Extended functional analysis, complemented with provocation and simple loading tests, provides a reliable and valid method for evaluation and follow-up of MPS patients.