Inhibitor induced alterations of chromatoid bodies in male germ line cells of Xenopus laevis

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Abstract
Summary The action of inhibitors of protein synthesis on the structure of cytoplasmic inclusions found in the male germ cell line of the anuran, Xenopus laevis, has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Results indicate that one such inclusion, the chromatoid body, is sensitive to treatment with either chloramphenicol or puromycin. These drugs administered in vivo or in vitro cause up to a thirty-fold increase in the volume of the chromatoid body in all stages where it is normally present. Maximum size increase obtainable is the same for either drug, but is different and characteristic for each germ cell stage. Drug action is dose dependent, with “chromatoid body syndrome” occurring over a relatively narrow concentration range. Cyclohexamide, in contrast to chloramphenicol or puromycin, does not produce a clear increase in the size of chromatoid bodies, and is capable of blocking the action of the other drugs at normally effective concentrations. Results obtained in this investigation suggest that primary spermatogonia contain enough chromatoid body material to account for the total amount present in all subsequent germ cell stages. This fact, coupled with other studies where chromatoid-like bodies have been observed, suggests the hypothesis that the chromatoid body represents at least in part an aggregation stage of materials associated with the microtubule population of the germ cell line. Alternately, or in addition, ribonucleoprotein may contribute to the structure of the chromatoid body.