Increased cerebrospinal fluid lactate reflects deterioration of neurological status in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy

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Abstract
Increased brain and CSF lactate have been described in human and experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE). Using a recently described cisterna magna catheter technique, CSF lactate was measured in relation to deterioration of neurological status in portacaval shunted rats administered ammonium acetate to precipitate severe PSE. Loss of righting reflex (precoma stage of PSE) was accompanied by 2–3 fold increased CSF lactate and onset of coma by 4-fold increases of lactate (p< 0.001 compared to either sodium acetate treated portacaval shunted rats or sham-operated controls administered ammonium acetate). The most likely explanation for increased CSF lactate is ammonia-induced inhibition of malate-aspartate shuttle and/or inhibition of tricarboxylic acid cycle flux in brain. Similar mechanisms could be involved in the pathogenesis of PSE in patients with chronic liver disease.