Abstract
If kidney stones are not removed, secondary infection, urinary obstruction and destruction of the renal parenchyma not infrequently develop. But another element, not so generally known or recognized, may enter into the consideration of surgery in these cases; i. e., the prevention of cancer. Cancer, it is true, is observed in association with stone in only a small number of cases; but there is a definite, clear-cut group in which methods could be successfully employed that would obviate its occurrence. There are some pertinent observations regarding the association of calculi with cancer. As W. J. Mayo1writes: "Cancer does not appear in sound tissues. Investigation of the various theories of the causation of cancer shows that the one provocative agent which remains unchallenged is chronic irritation." He says further: "Concerning cancer of the interior of the body, we have less definite proof of the causative factors, but cancerous gallbladders

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