The influence of experimental deformation on craniofacial development in rats

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Abstract
Cranial deformation was produced experimentally in rats 8 to 40 days old for the purpose of studying the rotation of the craniofacial bones and the modification of the growth rates of the functional cranial components. One hundred and twenty four skulls (65 males and 59 females) were employed, classified as: deformed, deformed‐hydrocephalic, sham‐operated and controls. A mid‐sagittal diagram was drawn for each skull and the angle subtended by each bone with respect to the vestibular plane was measured. Growth indices were worked out for both the neural skull and the facial skull. Deformation altered the rotation of the parietal, interparietal and basisphenoidal bones and restricted the rotation of the fronto‐ethmo‐facial complex. Alteration of the longitudinal growth rates of the dorsal and basilar components of the neurocranium and the splanchnocranium produced the persistence of the klinorynchal state.