Interaction between the Hypothalamic Defence Reaction and Cardiac Ventricular Receptor Reflexes

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Abstract
The interference with regard to the cardiovascular and gastric motility responses which follows stimulation of the hypothalamic defense area (D.A.) and a simultaneous afferent input from cardiac ventricular receptors was analyzed in chloralose-anesthetized cats. In spinalized animals with only the vagal efferent innervation of autonomic effectors from supraspinal structures intact, a D.A. stimulation increased the heart rate to the same level irrespective whether the cardiac receptor afferents were stimulated or not. This suggests that the vagal component of the reflex bradycardia of cardiac receptor origin was completely suppressed by the D.A. stimulation. The reflex gastric relaxation to cardiac receptor activation, mediated via vagal efferent non-adrenergic fibers, was similarly completely blocked by D.A. stimulation. In contrast, the reflex inhibition of the sympathetic outflow to the heart and vessels from cardiac receptors was still effective during a D.A. stimulation, a phenomenon which seems compatible with a simple summation of excitatory D.A. and inhibitory cardiac receptor influences on the sympathetic neurons. The modifying influence from ventricular receptors on D.A. responses closely resembles that exerted by the arterial baroreceptors. The 2 reflex mechanisms thus work in concert and synergistically with the hypothalamic influences to produce maximal cardiac output and skeletal muscle perfusion without undue increases of pressure load on the pump during a defense reaction.