Magnetic and Electric Properties of Natural and Synthetic Single Crystals of Magnetite

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Abstract
When a crystal of magnetite has been cooled through the low temperature transition (near -164°C) in a demagnetized state, the magnetization undergoes a large and abrupt increase in the three principal crystallographic directions [100], [110], and [111] upon warming. The behavior of the magnetization upon cooling in a magnetic field is influenced by crystallographic orientation as well as by the strength of the applied field. The form of the magnetization curve at temperatures below the transition depends on the crystallographic direction and on the magnetic treatment of the specimen while cooling through the transition. Barkhausen experiments lead to tentative ideas concerning domain orientation. Significant information concerning the nature of the transition was also obtained from measurements of thermal expansion and saturation magnetostriction.