Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectra from the valence bands of polycrystalline copper have been obtained for various electron emission angles. For grazing angles of emission, the dominant d-band peak is found to narrow in width by ∼12% and also to exhibit changes in fine structure. Calculations based upon tight-binding densities of states for various near-surface layers and including electron inelastic attenuation predict all of the observed changes in spectra with angle. No near-surface core binding-energy shift is found.