Positive Discrimination as a Strategy Against Exclusion: the case of the inner cities

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Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the shift from a broadly social-democratic mixed economy to more rigorous market ‘principles’, combined with a shift from inclusionary welfare policies based on a notion of citizenship, towards more selective and exclusionary welfare, are producing a marginalised population identified not only by being at the bottom end of a quantitative continuum but qualitatively distinguished by their exclusion from participative citizenship. There will be a concentration of the marginalised population in some inner city areas where processes of economic decline and selective emigration will exacerbate the more general marginalising processes. Given this relative spatial concentration of the marginalised in the inner cities, this paper examines the potential of positive discrimination and positive action practices as applied in inner city policies, as strategies against exclusion.

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