The Gassing of Lead Plate Storage Batteries During Charge and Discharge

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Abstract
The gases liberated from different types of lead plate storage batteries during varying conditions of charge and discharge have been collected and analyzed, and the corresponding changes in battery potential and specific gravity determined. A small amount of gas, mostly hydrogen, is given off by lead plate batteries during discharge and while idle, but a much larger amount of gassing takes place during the charging process, particularly near the end. In all cases of charging the gas consists almost entirely of hydrogen and oxygen, with a very small amount of acid vapor and water vapor. However, both the absolute and relative amounts of these gases depend upon the rate and method of charging. When high charging rates are used the gas is mostly hydrogen, while with low charging rates it is approximately half hydrogen and half oxygen. When batteries are charged steadily the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is less than two to one, but when they are given rest periods during the charging process the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is greater.

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