Somatostatin induced apnoea: prevention by central and peripheral administration of the opiate receptor blocking agent naloxone

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Abstract
Somatostatin (SRIF) (6 nmol) given intracisternally (i.c.) into the alpha-chloralose anaesthetized rat has recently been shown to cause apnoea with a latency of 5-10 minutes (Kalia et al. 1984a). The apnoea produced by SRIF is very rapid, irreversible and leads to the death of the animal. In view of the existence of SRIF nerve cell bodies and terminals in medullary respiratory nuclei such as the ventral and ventrolateral subnuclei of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (nTS) (Kalia et al. 1984b, Johanson et al. 1984), we have proposed the existence of somatostatinergic mechanisms in the respiratory nuclei of the medulla oblongata involved in mediating apnoeic conditions (Kalia et al. 1984a). In the present study, we have analysed whether the SRIF induced apnoea could be counteracted by a previous i.c. administration of the highly selective alpha 2-adreno-receptor blocking agent RX 781094 (2-(2-(I,4 benzodioxanyl]2-imi-dazoline HCl) (Doxey et al. 1983), or an opiate receptor blocking agent such as naloxone. Thus, both alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists and opiates induce respiratory depression, and opiates in high doses cause apnoea (Bolme et al. 1974, Hassen et al. 1982, Sitsen et al. 1982). In addition, catecholamine (CA) and enkephalin immuno-reactive nerve terminal networks exist in high densities within the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS) of the medulla oblongata and may therefore interact with somatostatin nerve terminals in regulation of respiratory activity (Kalia et al. 1984b).