Graded metal carbide solar selective surfaces coated onto glass tubes by a magnetron sputtering system

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Abstract
A solar selective absorbing surface consisting of mixed iron, chromium, and nickel carbides on copper has been deposited onto 1.5 m long, 22 mm o.d. glass tubes by reactive and nonreactive dc sputtering. Grading the properties of the metalcarbide from metal rich at the copper substrate to dielectric at the surface results in solar absorptances ∠93% and emittances ∠4% at 300 K (both properties averaged along the length of a tube). Aging experiments show that absorptances deteriorate slowly at 300°C in vacuum due to diffusion in the graded film. Emittances at elevated temperature for copper and for the selective surfaces deposited onto tubes have been determined using a calorimetric technique.

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