Design of foundations of dams containing soluble rocks and soils

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Abstract
Summary: Four major classes of soluble rocks or soils have been found on dam sites. They are represented by the minerals gypsum, anhydrite, calcium carbonate and halite. Dissolution of these materials can constitute a risk in terms of potential settlements and leakage paths within the foundations of dams. Engineering solutions depend on the solubility and specific rate of solution of the minerals; also upon hydraulic conditions imposed on the foundations. This paper demonstrates a quantitative basis for the design of safe structures which contain these soluble minerals within their foundations. Site investigation procedures are described so that potential estimates of relevant ground parameters may be obtained and used in engineering design.

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