A device for measuring seepage flux in lakes and estuaries1

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Abstract
Seepage flux can be measured and samples of groundwater flowing into lakes and estuaries collected by enclosing an area of bottom with a cylinder vented to a plastic bag. The method has the advantage of not requiring measurements of permeability of bottom sediments. Seepage velocities from −0.1–2.58 µm s−1 were measured in Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes and in Nova Scotia and North Carolina estuaries.Where seepage inflow was rapid (0.4–0.8 s−1), water collected with the seepage meter was chemically similar to water from wells on the same flow path, and the distribution and chemistry of the seepage concurred with a theoretical flow net. The rate and direction of seepage flux were correlated with water surface elevation during a tidal cycle.

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