Induction of helmet development by a Chaoborus factor in Daphnia ambigua during juvenile stages

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Abstract
Daphnia ambigua juveniles developed spike-like helmets induced by a water-soluble factor from Chaoborus, when reared in Chaoborus flavicans-conditioned medium. A study was made of the time at which the Chaoborus factor affects helmet development. Juveniles developed the helmets when individuals were exposed to the Chaoborus factor after being born, but did not develop the helmets when the individuals were exposed to the factor only in the egg or embryo stages. These results indicate that D.ambigua responds to the Chaoborus factor during the juvenile stages.