Standardized Assessment of Psychological Well‐Being and Quality‐of‐Life in Patients with Implanted Defibrillators

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Abstract
The ICD has become a standard treatment for patients with malignant arrhythmias. Despite its benefits it may cause additional discomfort to the patients. Thus, quality-of-life needs to be assessed in these patients. Previous studies have used only small samples or unstandardized measures of quality-of-life that do not allow comparisons with other patient groups. The present study used standardized questionnaires for a cross-sectional assessment of psychological well-being and quality-of-life in ICD patients and to compare them to a similar group of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients without ICD. Overall, quality-of-life did not differ between both groups, ICD patients being less anxious than the CAD group. With increasing numbers of ICD shocks, however, the percentage of psychologically distressed ICD patients rose from 10% to > 50%. Psychologically distressed patients had significantly worse scores on most of the quality-of-life subscales, showed less treatment satisfaction, and more negative attitudes. It is concluded that ICD patients have an acceptable mean quality-of-life and low mean anxiety. However, a relevant subgroup of about 15%, especially patients with frequent shocks, experience psychological distress and reduced quality-of-life and should receive special care.