Abstract
In the last quarter of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, a great deal of attention was focused on the structural organization of the brain and localization of functions in the cerebral cortex; the notable successes that were achieved in this area led to more precise notions of the systemic localization of higher cortical processes and to the creation of neuropsychology (1). However, since the early 1950s physiologists and neurologists have begun to concentrate on a new, uncharted area — analysis of the function of the brain stem and formations of the medial areas of the cerebral hemispheres.

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