Evaluation of SeedborneXanthomonas phaseoliandX. phaseolivar.fuscansas Primary Inocula in Bean Blights

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Abstract
The roles of several types of seed-borne X. phaseoli (Xp) and X. phaseoli var. fuscans (Xpf) were evaluated in the epidemiology of common (caused by Xp) and fuscous (caused by Xpf) bacterial blights of navy beans. Seeds externally infested with blight bacteria were a source of primary inoculum and 14% of commercial navy bean seed lots were so contaminated. Surface populations of Xp and Xpf ranged from 0-4 .times. 104 bacteria/seed; minimal populations of 103-104 bacteria/seed were required for production of infected plants under field conditions. Symptomless seeds internally contaminated with Xp or Xpf were identified as potential primary inoculum sources. Seeds with visible symptoms always were associated with visibly infected pods, and pod infection resulting from systemically borne bacteria often caused hairline suture lesions which are difficult to detect.

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